前言
椎间盘脱出(disc herniation)是临床常见病和多发病，其基本病理转变是椎间盘退变，在此基础上受到外伤、受寒等外界因素刺激，导致椎间盘的髓核及部分纤维环向周围组织脱出，榨取响应脊髓或脊神经根所致的一种病理状态。现在椎间盘退变的病因及发病机制尚不清晰，也无有用的治疗要领。动物模子是研究椎间盘脱出爆发气制和治疗战略的一种有用手段。用于建设椎间盘脱出动物模子的物种包括：小鼠、大鼠、家兔、犬、绵羊、猪、山 羊以及猴子等。构建动物模子的要领通常有两种：自觉型和实验诱导型。由于物种之间在细胞、组织、发育、心理、椎骨和椎间盘的剖解以及力学特征上保存很大差别，另外，差别的要领建设的动物模子与人类疾病体现也有所差别，因此，研究者在选择动物模子时应只管思量多方面的因素对模子的影响。
部分造模要领
自体髓核移植法：将实验动物自身的髓核取出，通过注射或手术等要领将其移植至脊神经根和硬脊膜之间，从而模拟腰椎间盘脱出症。自体髓核移植法已成为主流的腰突症动物模子，普遍应用于腰椎间盘脱出症的发病机制以及某些神经递质和炎症因子甚至是一些药物和治疗手段作用机制的研究中。
基因修饰动物模子为椎间盘脱出提供了新的选择。Ⅱ型胶原基因失活小鼠椎体终板不规则增厚，纤维环、终板和椎骨内糖胺聚糖含量较正常小鼠少，并泛起与人类相似的椎间盘脱出性改变。氯化筒箭毒碱（也称为生长分解因子8)基因敲除小鼠肌骨骼生长的负调控，导致肌肉量与骨密度增添，卵白多糖含量降低，椎体终板骨化，泛起椎间盘脱出迹象。
参考文献：
1.吕游，陈辉，郑召民．椎间盘退变实验动物模子的研究希望．中国脊柱脊髓杂志，2006, 16 (I):68-71
2.任春风，侯树勋，彭宝淦，等．腰椎间盘内破碎模子的建设．中国疼痛医学杂志，2006, 12(6):353-356
3.李晓春，姜宏，刘锦涛，等. 腰椎间盘突出动物模子的研究希望．颈腰痛杂志，2010,31(4):299-301
4.Alini M, Eisenstein SM,lto K, et al. Are animal models useful for studying human disc disorders/degeneration? Eur Spine J, 2008, 17 (1):2-19
5.Fazzalari NL,Costi JJ,Hearn TC,et al. Mechanical and pa山ologic consequences of induced concentric anular tears in an ovine model. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 2001, 26 (23):2575-2581
6.Greg Anderson D,Li X,Tannoury T, et al. A fibronectin fragmenl stimulates intervertebral disc degeneration in vivo. Spine (Phila Pa 1976),2003, 15,28(20):2338-2345
7.Holm S,Holm AK.Ekstrom L,el al. Experimental disc degeneration due to endplate in jury. J Spinal Disord Tech,2004, 17 (1):64-71
8.Kim KS, Yoon ST, Li J, el al. Disc degeneration in the rabbit:a biochemical and radiological.comparison between four disc injury models. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 2005, 30 (1):33-37
9.MacLean JJ,Lee CR,Grad S,et al. Effects of immobilization and dynamic compression on int.ervertebral disc cell gene expression in vivo. Spine(Phila Pa 1976), 2003,28 (10):973-981
10.Masuda K, Aota Y, Muehleman C, el al. A novel rabbit model of mild, reproducible disc degeneration by an annulus needle pu,ncture: correlation between the degree of disc injury and radio Logical and histological appearances of disc degeneration. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 2005, 30 (1):5-14
11.Miyamoto S, Yonenobu K,Ono K. Experimental cervical spondylosis in the mouse. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 1991, 16 (10 Suppl):495-500
12.Osti OL,Vernon-Roberts B,Fraser RD．1990 Volvo Award in experimental studies. Anulus tears and intervertebral disc degeneration. An experimental study using an animalmodei. Spine(Phila Pa 1976), 1990, 15 (8):762-767
13.Phillips FM.Reuben J, Wetzel FT. Intervertebral disc degeneration adjacent to a l.umbar fusion. An experimental rabbit model. J Bone Joint Surg Br, 2002, 84 (2):289-294
14.Silberberg R,Meier-Ruge W,Odermall B. Age-related changes in fibronectin in annulus fibrosus of the sand rat (Psammomys obesus). Exp Cell Biol, 1989, 57 (5): 233-237
15.Sun F, Qu JN, Zhang YG. Animal models of disc degeneration and major genetic strategies. Pain Physician,2013, 16(3):267-275
